<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" ><generator uri="https://jekyllrb.com/" version="4.4.1">Jekyll</generator><link href="http://iskirk.net/feed.xml" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" /><link href="http://iskirk.net/" rel="alternate" type="text/html" /><updated>2025-08-01T07:40:42+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/feed.xml</id><title type="html">iskirk.net</title><subtitle>Astronomy for the average human.</subtitle><author><name>iskirk.net</name></author><entry><title type="html">SpaceX images</title><link href="http://iskirk.net/spacex/2023/03/08/spacex-images.html" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="SpaceX images" /><published>2023-03-08T00:00:00+10:00</published><updated>2023-03-08T00:00:00+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/spacex/2023/03/08/spacex-images</id><content type="html" xml:base="http://iskirk.net/spacex/2023/03/08/spacex-images.html"><![CDATA[<p>SpaceX designs, manufactures and launches the world’s most advanced rockets and spacecraft. Here are a selection of images from their <a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/spacex/">Flickr</a> archive.</p>

<h2 id="official-spacex-images"><center>Official SpaceX Images</center></h2>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-01.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Crew-6 Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-02.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Crew-2 Return Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-03.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Transporter-4 Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-04.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Axiom-1 Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-05.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">GPS III Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-06.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">GPS III Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-07.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">GPS III Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-08.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Amazonas Nexus Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-09.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Starlink Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-10.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Crew-6 Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-11.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Crew-6 Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-12.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Starlink Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-13.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Starlink Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-14.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Crew-6 Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-15.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Crew-6 Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-16.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Crew-6 Mission</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/SpaceX-17.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Starship Full Stack</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: Official SpaceX Photos</span></p>]]></content><author><name>Kirk</name></author><category term="spacex" /><category term="spacex" /><category term="launches" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Some stunning oficial SpaceX images]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Artemis Mission</title><link href="http://iskirk.net/moon%20missions/2023/03/07/artemis-mission.html" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Artemis Mission" /><published>2023-03-07T00:00:00+10:00</published><updated>2023-03-07T00:00:00+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/moon%20missions/2023/03/07/artemis-mission</id><content type="html" xml:base="http://iskirk.net/moon%20missions/2023/03/07/artemis-mission.html"><![CDATA[<p>The <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/artemis-1">Artemis 1</a> mission took place between the launch on 16 Nov 2022 and the splashdown on 11 Dec 2022. This mission was the first of a series that will result in mankind returning to the Lunar surface. The Space Launch System(SLS) and the Orion spacecraft were uncrewed for this initial mission to the Moon and back.</p>

<h2 id="artemis-1-images"><center>Artemis 1 Images</center></h2>

<p><img src="/images/artemis-prelaunch.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">A Full Moon in View</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/Cory Huston</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/artemis_i_launch_low_birds_eye.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">A Bird’s Eye View</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/Chris Coleman, Kevin Davis</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/artemis_i_launch_top_birds_eye.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">A camera on the mobile launcher shows the rocket and spacecraft lifting off</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/Chris Coleman, Kevin Davis</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/artemis_i_orion_opf.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">A portion of the far side of the Moon looms large just beyond Orion in this image taken on the sixth day of the Artemis I mission by a camera on the tip of one of Orion’s solar array wings</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/artemis_i_earth_moon_side_by_side.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">The spacecraft reached a maximum distance from Earth when it was 432,210 kilometres away from our home planet</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/artemis_i_earth_after_opf.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Orion captured the Earth rising behind the Moon following its second close flyby above the lunar surface as the spacecraft trekked toward home</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/artemis_i_splashdown_dip.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">At 17:40 UTC, 11 Dec 2022, Orion splashed down in the Pacific Ocean west of Baja California, completing its 25.5 day mission beyond the Moon</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/Josh Valcarcel</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/artemis_i_post_splash_with_recovery_team.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Orion was recovered by personnel on the USS Portland</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett</span></p>]]></content><author><name>Kirk</name></author><category term="Moon Missions" /><category term="artemis" /><category term="nasa" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Artemis Mission (I) in pictures.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Best of James Webb Space Telescope</title><link href="http://iskirk.net/telescopes/2023/02/27/Best-of-Jwst.html" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Best of James Webb Space Telescope" /><published>2023-02-27T00:00:00+10:00</published><updated>2023-02-27T00:00:00+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/telescopes/2023/02/27/Best-of-Jwst</id><content type="html" xml:base="http://iskirk.net/telescopes/2023/02/27/Best-of-Jwst.html"><![CDATA[<p>The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is a space telescope currently conducting infrared astronomy. As the largest optical telescope in space, it is equipped with high-resolution and high-sensitivity instruments, allowing it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This enables investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars, the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characteriisation of potentially habitable exoplanets.</p>

<h2 id="best-of-jwst-so-far"><center>Best of JWST so far</center></h2>

<p><img src="/images/jwst-carina-nebula.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Carina Nebula</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Megan Reiter (Rice University), with image processing by Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI)</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/jwst-pearls.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">A Galactic Panoramic</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, A. Pagan (STScI) &amp; R. Jansen (ASU).</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/jwst-poc.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Pillars of Creation (NIRCam and MIRI Composite Image)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/jwst-ggt.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Galactic Get-Together</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA &amp; CSA, L. Armus, A. Evan</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/jwst-fiery-hourglass.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Countdown to a New Star</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/jwst-ic5332.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Webb Reveals IC 5332</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA &amp; CSA, J. Lee and the PHANGS-JWST and PHANGS-HST Teams</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/jwst-gas-dust-spiral.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">NASA’s Webb Reveals Intricate Networks of Gas and Dust in Nearby Galaxies</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, J. Lee (NOIRLab) and A. Pagan (STScI)</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/jwst-pandora-cluster.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">NASA’s Webb Uncovers New Details in Pandora’s Cluster</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, I. Labbe (Swinburne University of Technology), R. Bezanson (University of Pittsburgh) and Alyssa Pagan (STScI)</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/jwst-ice-chemistry.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Webb Unveils Dark Side of Pre-stellar Ice Chemistry</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: ESA, CSA, and M. Zamani (ESA). Science: M. K. McClure (Leiden Observatory), F. Sun (Steward Observatory), Z. Smith (Open University), and the Ice Age ERS Team</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/jwst-30doradus.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">he Enduring Stellar Lifecycle in 30 Doradus (Composite: Infrared + X-ray)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Penn State Univ./L. Townsley et al.; IR: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/JWST ERO Production Team</span></p>]]></content><author><name>Kirk</name></author><category term="Telescopes" /><category term="jwst" /><category term="nasa" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[The JWST is expected to make some startling discoveries and has already taken some stunning images.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Spitzer Gems</title><link href="http://iskirk.net/telescopes/2020/08/19/Spitzer-Gems.html" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Spitzer Gems" /><published>2020-08-19T00:00:00+10:00</published><updated>2020-08-19T00:00:00+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/telescopes/2020/08/19/Spitzer-Gems</id><content type="html" xml:base="http://iskirk.net/telescopes/2020/08/19/Spitzer-Gems.html"><![CDATA[<p>The Spitzer Space Telescope (SST), originally known as the the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), was an infrared space telescope launched in 2003 and retired on 30 January 2020.</p>

<p>The planned mission period was intended to be only 2.5 years with a pre-launch expectation that the mission could extend to five or slightly more years until the onboard liquid helium supply was exhausted. The liquid helium supply was was completely spent on 15 May 2009. Without any liquid helium to cool the telescope to the very low temperatures needed to operate, most of the instruments were no longer usable. However, the two shortest-wavelength modules of the IRAC camera continued to operate with the same sensitivity as before the cryogen was exhausted, and continued to be used into early 2020 in the Spitzer Warm Mission.</p>

<h2 id="enjoy-fifteen-years-of-spitzer-highlights"><center>Enjoy Fifteen years of Spitzer Highlights</center></h2>

<p><img src="/images/spitzer-terantula.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Tarantula Nebula Spitzer 3-Color Image</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/spitzer-perseus.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Perseus Molecular Cloud</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/spitzer-jack-o-lantern.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">The Jack-o-Lantern Nebula</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/spitzer-bubbles.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Bubbles, Bubbles Everywhere!</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/spitzer-M81.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">M81 Galaxy by Starlight</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/spitzer-sideways.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Perfectly Sideways Galaxy (NGC 5866)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/spitzer-whirlpool.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">The Whirlpool Galaxy in Visible Light</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/spitzer-cephus.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Cepheus C and Cepheus B (IRAC-MIPS)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/spitzer-butterfly.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Space Butterfly</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/spitzer-cats-paw.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">The Cat’s Paw Nebula MIPS &amp; IRAC</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/span&gt;</span></p>

<p>You can find the entire NASA Spitzer image collection in their <a href="http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images">archive</a>.</p>]]></content><author><name>Kirk</name></author><category term="Telescopes" /><category term="Spitzer" /><category term="nasa" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[The Hubble has made some startling discoveries and taken some spectacular images in the last thirty years.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Thirty Years of Hubble</title><link href="http://iskirk.net/telescopes/2020/08/11/Thirty-Years-of-Hubble.html" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Thirty Years of Hubble" /><published>2020-08-11T00:00:00+10:00</published><updated>2020-08-11T00:00:00+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/telescopes/2020/08/11/Thirty-Years-of-Hubble</id><content type="html" xml:base="http://iskirk.net/telescopes/2020/08/11/Thirty-Years-of-Hubble.html"><![CDATA[<p>The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. It was not the first space telescope but it is one of the largest and most versatile, well known both as a vital research tool and as a public relations boon for astronomy. The Hubble telescope is named after astronomer Edwin Hubble and is one of NASA’s Great Observatories, along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.</p>

<p>Hubble features a 2.4-meter (7.9 ft) mirror, and its four main instruments observe in the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Hubble’s orbit outside the distortion of Earth’s atmosphere allows it to capture extremely high-resolution images with substantially lower background light than ground-based telescopes. It has recorded some of the most detailed visible light images, allowing a deep view into space. Many Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs in astrophysics, such as determining the rate of expansion of the universe.</p>

<h2 id="enjoy-thirty-of-the-best-images-taken-by-hubble-year-by-year"><center>Enjoy Thirty of the Best Images Taken by Hubble Year by Year</center></h2>

<p><img src="/images/Cosmic_Reef(2020).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Cosmic Reef (2020)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Southern_Crab_Nebula(2019).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Southern Crab Nebula (2019)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Lagoon_Nebula(2018).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Lagoon Nebula (2018)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Galaxies_NGC_4302_and_NGC_4298(2017).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Galaxies NGC 4302 and NGC 4298</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Bubble_Nebula(2016).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Bubble Nebula (2016)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Westerlund_2(2015).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Westerlund 2 (2015)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Monkey_Head_Nebula(2014).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Monkey Head Nebula (2014)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Horsehead_Nebula_in_Infrared_Light(2013).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Horsehead Nebula in Infrared Light (2013)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Star_Factory_30_Doradus(2012).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Star Factory 30 Doradus (2012)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Colliding_Galaxy_Pair_Arp_273(2011).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Colliding Galaxy Pair Arp 273 (2011)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Mystic_Mountain(2010).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Mystic Mountain (2010)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Interacting_Galaxy_Group_Arp_194(2009).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Interacting Galaxy Group Arp 194 (2009))</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Interacting_Galaxies(2008).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Interacting Galaxies (2008)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Carina_Nebula(2007).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Carina Nebula (2007)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Galaxy_M82(2006).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Galaxy M82 (2006)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Whirlpool_Galaxy(2005).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Whirlpool Galaxy (2005)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Blue_Stars_Circle_Nucleus_of_Galaxy_AM_0644-741(2004).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Blue Stars Circle Nucleus of Galaxy AM 0644-741 (2004)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Omega_Nebula(2003).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Omega Nebula (2003))</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Cone_Nebula(2002).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Cone Nebula (2002)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Horsehead_Nebula(2001).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Horsehead Nebula (2000)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/NGC_6751(2000).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">NGC 6751 (2000)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Jupiter_and_Its_Moon_Io(1999).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Jupiter and Its Moon Io (1999)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Infrared_Saturn(1998).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Infrared Saturn (1998)
</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/M2-9_Twin_Jet_Nebula(1997).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">M2-9 Twin Jet Nebula (1997)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Galaxy_Cluster_0024+1654_Gravitational_Lens(1996).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Galaxy Cluster 0024+1654 Gravitational Lens (1996)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Eagle_Nebula_Pillars(1995).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Eagle Nebula Pillars (1995)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Core_of_Galaxy_M100(1994).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Core of Galaxy M100 (1994)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Cygnus_Loop(1993).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Cygnus Loop (1993)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/The_Hub_of_NGC_4261(1992).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">The Hub of Galaxy NGC 4261 (1992)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/Jupiter(1991).jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Jupiter (1991)</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>]]></content><author><name>Kirk</name></author><category term="Telescopes" /><category term="hubble" /><category term="nasa" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[The Hubble has made some startling discoveries and taken some spectacular images in the lass thirty years.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Juno Stuns</title><link href="http://iskirk.net/planets/2019/03/22/Juno-Stuns.html" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Juno Stuns" /><published>2019-03-22T00:00:00+10:00</published><updated>2019-03-22T00:00:00+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/planets/2019/03/22/Juno-Stuns</id><content type="html" xml:base="http://iskirk.net/planets/2019/03/22/Juno-Stuns.html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="mission-overview">Mission Overview</h2>
<p>The Juno mission launched on August 5, 2011 and arrived in the Jupiter system July 5, 2016 after travelling approximately 2.8 billion kilometres.</p>

<p>The scientific objectives of the mission are to: <sup id="fnref:1"><a href="#fn:1" class="footnote" rel="footnote" role="doc-noteref">1</a></sup></p>

<ul>
  <li>
    <p>Determine the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen, effectively measuring the abundance of water in Jupiter, which will help distinguish among prevailing theories linking Jupiter’s formation to the Solar System.</p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p>Obtain a better estimate of Jupiter’s core mass, which will also help distinguish among prevailing theories linking Jupiter’s formation to the Solar System.</p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p>Precisely map Jupiter’s gravitational field to assess the distribution of mass in Jupiter’s interior, including properties of its structure and dynamics.</p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p>Precisely map Jupiter’s magnetic field to assess the origin and structure of the field and how deep in Jupiter the magnetic field is created. This experiment will also help scientists understand the fundamental physics of dynamo theory.</p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p>Map the variation in atmospheric composition, temperature, structure, cloud opacity and dynamics to pressures far greater than 100 bars (10 MPa; 1,450 psi) at all latitudes.</p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p>Characterise and explore the three-dimensional structure of Jupiter’s polar magnetosphere and auroras.</p>
  </li>
  <li>
    <p>Measure the orbital frame-dragging, known also as Lense–Thirring precession caused by the angular momentum of Jupiter, and possibly a new test of general relativity effects connected with the Jovian rotation.</p>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 id="images">images</h2>

<p>Dramatic atmospheric features in Jupiter’s northern hemisphere are captured in this view from NASA’s Juno spacecraft. The new perspective shows swirling clouds that surround a circular feature within a jet stream region called “Jet N6.”</p>

<p>This colour-enhanced image was taken at 9:20 a.m. PST on Feb. 12, 2019 (12:20 p.m. EST), as the spacecraft performed its 18th close flyby of the gas giant planet. At the time, Juno was about 8,000 miles (13,000 kilometres) from the planet’s cloud tops, above a latitude of approximately 55 degrees north.</p>

<p>Citizen scientist Kevin M. Gill created this image using data from the spacecraft’s JunoCam imager. The image has been rotated approximately 100 degrees to the right.</p>

<p><img src="/images/juno-dramatic-jupiter.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Dramatic Jupiter.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Kevin M. Gill</span></p>

<p>This image of Jupiter’s turbulent southern hemisphere was captured by NASA’s Juno spacecraft as it performed its most recent close flyby of the gas giant planet on Dec. 21, 2018.</p>

<p>This new perspective captures the notable Great Red Spot, as well as a massive storm called Oval BA. The storm reached its current size when three smaller spots collided and merged in the year 2000. The Great Red Spot, which is about twice as wide as Oval BA, may have formed from the same process centuries ago.</p>

<p>Juno captured Oval BA in another image earlier on in the mission on Feb. 7, 2018. The turbulent regions around, and even the shape of, the storm have significantly changed since then. Oval BA further transformed in recent months, changing colour from reddish to a more uniform white.</p>

<p>Juno took the three images used to produce this colour-enhanced view on Dec. 21, between 9:32 a.m. PST (12:32 p.m. EST) and 9:42 a.m. PST (12:42 p.m. EST). At the time the images were taken, the spacecraft was between approximately 23,800 miles (38,300 kilometres) to 34,500 miles (55,500 kilometres) from the planet’s cloud tops above southern latitudes spanning 49.15 to 59.59 degrees.</p>

<p>Citizen scientists Gerald Eichstädt and Seán Doran created this image using data from the spacecraft’s JunoCam imager.</p>

<p><img src="/images/juno-two-storms.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Juno’s Latest Flyby of Jupiter Captures Two Massive Storms.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Gerald Eichstädt/Seán Doran</span></p>

<p>Clouds in a Jovian jet stream, called Jet N5, swirl in the center of this color-enhanced image from NASA’s Juno spacecraft. A brown oval known as a “brown barge” can be seen in the North North Temperate Belt region in the top-left portion of the image.</p>

<p>This image was taken at 5:58 p.m. PDT on Sept. 6, 2018 (8:58 p.m. EDT) as the spacecraft performed its 15th close flyby of Jupiter. At the time, Juno was 7,600 miles (12,300 kilometers) from the planet’s cloud tops, above a northern latitude of approximately 52 degrees.</p>

<p>Citizen scientists Brian Swift and Seán Doran created this image using data from the spacecraft’s JunoCam imager. The view has been rotated 90 degrees to the right from the original image.</p>

<p><img src="/images/juno-jovian-swirls.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Jovian Swirls.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Brian Swift/Seán Doran</span></p>

<p>Colourful swirling cloud belts dominate Jupiter’s southern hemisphere in this image captured by NASA’s Juno spacecraft.</p>

<p>Jupiter appears in this colour-enhanced image as a tapestry of vibrant cloud bands and storms. The dark region in the far left is called the South Temperate Belt. Intersecting the belt is a ghost-like feature of slithering white clouds. This is the largest feature in Jupiter’s low latitudes that’s a cyclone (rotating with clockwise motion).</p>

<p>This image was taken on Dec. 16, 2017 at 10:12 PST (1:12 p.m. EST), as Juno performed its tenth close flyby of Jupiter. At the time the image was taken, the spacecraft was about 8,453 miles (13,604 kilometres) from the tops of the clouds of the planet at a latitude of 27.9 degrees south.</p>

<p>The spatial scale in this image is 5.6 miles/pixel (9.1 kilometres/pixel).</p>

<p>Citizen scientist Kevin M. Gill processed this image using data from the JunoCam imager.</p>

<p><img src="/images/juno-jupiter-cloud-belts.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Jupiter’s Colourful Cloud Belts.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Kevin M. Gill</span></p>

<p>See Jupiter’s southern hemisphere in beautiful detail in this new image taken by NASA’s Juno spacecraft. The colour-enhanced view captures one of the white ovals in the “String of Pearls,” one of eight massive rotating storms at 40 degrees south latitude on the gas giant planet.</p>

<p>The image was taken on Oct. 24, 2017 at 11:11 a.m. PDT (2:11 p.m. EDT), as Juno performed its ninth close flyby of Jupiter. At the time the image was taken, the spacecraft was 20,577 miles (33,115 kilometres) from the tops of the clouds of the planet at a latitude of minus 52.96 degrees. The spatial scale in this image is 13.86 miles/pixel (22.3 kilometres/pixel).</p>

<p>Citizen scientists Gerald Eichstädt and Seán Doran processed this image using data from the JunoCam imager.</p>

<p><img src="/images/juno-jupiter-southern-hemisphere.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Jupiter’s Stunning Southern Hemisphere.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Gerald Eichstädt/ Seán Doran</span></p>

<p>More information about the Juno mission can be found at <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/juno">NASA</a> and <a href="http://missionjuno.swri.edu">SWRI</a>.</p>
<div class="footnotes" role="doc-endnotes">
  <ol>
    <li id="fn:1">
      <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150919062437/http://juno.wisc.edu/science.html">Juno Science Objectives - University of Wisconsin–Madison.</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="reversefootnote" role="doc-backlink">&#8617;</a></p>
    </li>
  </ol>
</div>]]></content><author><name>Kirk</name></author><category term="Planets" /><category term="Juno" /><category term="Jupiter" /><category term="nasa" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Juno has made some startling discoveries in the Jupiter System.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Apollo Archive</title><link href="http://iskirk.net/moon%20missions/2019/03/04/apollo-archive.html" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Apollo Archive" /><published>2019-03-04T00:00:00+10:00</published><updated>2019-03-04T00:00:00+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/moon%20missions/2019/03/04/apollo-archive</id><content type="html" xml:base="http://iskirk.net/moon%20missions/2019/03/04/apollo-archive.html"><![CDATA[<p>There is a fantastic collection of original images of the the Apollo program. The name of the the site is <a href="http://www.apolloarchive.com">The Project Apollo Archive</a>
and I encourage you comb through it’s contents. It is definitely not the easiest site to navigate and there are no options to download a collection of images for off-line viewing. Never the less it is well worth a look and I’ve included a few images in this post to whet your appetite, Enjoy!</p>

<p><img src="/images/ap11-S69-39961HR.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Apollo 11 liftoff as viewed from the launch tower.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/AS11-40-5875HR.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">“Buzz” Aldrin salutes U.S. Flag.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/AS11-40-5877HR.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">“Buzz” Aldrin’s boot print in the lunar soil.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/AS11-40-5903HR.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">“Buzz” Aldrin poses for a portrait with Neil Armstrong’s reflection in his visor.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/AS11-41-6121HR.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Orbital view of Sabine and Ritter craters.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/AS11-44-6551HR.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">Earthrise sequence - Earth rises over lunar horizon.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/AS11-44-6609HR.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">View of Daedalus crater from lunar orbit.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/AS11-44-6642HR.jpg" alt="" />
<span class="caption text-muted">The Lunar Module approaches the Command / Service Module for docking with Earthrise in the background.</span>
<span class="caption text-muted">Image Credit: NASA</span></p>]]></content><author><name>Kirk</name></author><category term="Moon Missions" /><category term="apollo" /><category term="moon" /><category term="nasa" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[Checkout the wonderful images from the Apollo program available online.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Galaxy Images</title><link href="http://iskirk.net/galaxies/2018/10/05/galaxy-images.html" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Galaxy Images" /><published>2018-10-05T00:00:00+10:00</published><updated>2018-10-05T00:00:00+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/galaxies/2018/10/05/galaxy-images</id><content type="html" xml:base="http://iskirk.net/galaxies/2018/10/05/galaxy-images.html"><![CDATA[<p>This is a small collection of the best images ever taken of galaxies.</p>

<p><img src="/images/M-101.jpg" alt="M101" />
<span class="caption text-muted">M101. Image Credit: Hubble</span></p>

<p>This is a fantastic image of a classic spiral galaxy, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. This image, almost taken face-on, shows the typical structure of a large spiral galaxy like our Milky Way.</p>

<p><img src="/images/M-31.jpg" alt="M31 - Andromeda Galaxy" />
<span class="caption text-muted">M31 - Andromeda Galaxy. Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons</span></p>

<p>This is probably one of my favourite Galaxies M31 also known as the Andromeda Galaxy. For those interested Andromeda is on a collision course with the Milky Way! Don’t worry the inevitable collision will not occur during our life time but in about 10 billion years.</p>

<p><img src="/images/centaurus-A.jpg" alt="Centaurus A." />
<span class="caption text-muted">Centaurus A. Image Credit: NASA</span></p>

<p>Well here is an image of Centaurus A located in the constellation of Centaurus. This just happens to be the strongest radio source in the constellation hence the ‘A’. You can probably make out the huge jets of material being flung more than 13,000 light years from the galaxy’s centre.</p>

<p>If you want read a little more on galaxies you can <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy">here</a>.</p>]]></content><author><name>Kirk</name></author><category term="Galaxies" /><category term="galaxy" /><category term="hubble" /><category term="nasa" /><category term="images" /><category term="andromeda" /><category term="m31" /><category term="m101" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[A collection of the best images of galaxies captured from both space and earth based telescopes.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">Nebulae Images</title><link href="http://iskirk.net/nebulae/2018/09/03/nebulae-images.html" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Nebulae Images" /><published>2018-09-03T00:00:00+10:00</published><updated>2018-09-03T00:00:00+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/nebulae/2018/09/03/nebulae-images</id><content type="html" xml:base="http://iskirk.net/nebulae/2018/09/03/nebulae-images.html"><![CDATA[<p>This is a collection of outstanding images of nebulae.</p>

<p><img src="/images/orion-nebula.jpg" alt="The Orion Nebula" />
<span class="caption text-muted">The Orion Nebula Image Credit: Hubble</span></p>

<p>This is definitely one of my all time favourites and can be seen with the naked eye. This image was taken with Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The image consists of a mosaic consisting of a billion pixels. This image also uncovered approximately 3,000 stars of various sizes. Some of these had never been viewed in visible light before. Among these stars are brown dwarves stars that nearly were but did not have enough gravity to innate nuclear fusion.</p>

<p><img src="/images/trifid-nebula.jpg" alt="The Trifid Nebula" />
<span class="caption text-muted">The Trifid Nebula Image Credit: ESO</span></p>

<p>This is a beauty! This is the Trifid Nebula tucked away in the constellation of Sagitarius. This nebula is a massive star factory and is a rare combination of three types of nebula:</p>

<ul>
  <li>Reflection,</li>
  <li>Emission, and</li>
  <li>Dark</li>
</ul>

<p>These fantastic images were taken by the European Southern Observatory in northern Chile.</p>

<p><img src="/images/m-17.jpg" alt="The Omega Nebula" />
<span class="caption text-muted">The Omega Nebula(M17) Image Credit: ESO</span></p>

<p>This is the Omega nebula and this is one of the sharpest images ever taken of it from the ground. The VLT(Very Large Telescope) was used and reveals incredible detail of new born stars an pink gas clouds.</p>

<p><img src="/images/carina-nebula.jpg" alt="The Carina Nebula" />
<span class="caption text-muted">The Carina Nebula Image Credit: NASA, ESA and Hubble</span></p>

<p>Well I think on this occasion I have left the best for last with this absolute stunner of the Carina Nebula. Nancy Atkinson of <a href="http://www.universetoday.com">universe today</a> put it like this:</p>
<blockquote>
  <p>The radiation from massive stars inside the nebula eats away at cold molecular clouds, creating bizarre, fantasy-like structures. These are one-light-year-tall pillars of cold hydrogen and dust, imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope’s Advanced Camera for Surveys, in a composite image from observations taken in 2005 in hydrogen light (light emitted by hydrogen atoms) along with observations taken in oxygen light (light emitted by oxygen atoms) in 2010. What Hubble can see from about 7,500 light-years away is nothing short of breathtaking.</p>
</blockquote>]]></content><author><name>Kirk</name></author><category term="Nebulae" /><category term="nebula" /><category term="hubble" /><category term="nasa" /><category term="images" /><category term="trifid" /><category term="orion" /><category term="omega" /><category term="carina" /><category term="eso" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[A collection of the best images of nebulae captured from both space and earth based telescopes.]]></summary></entry><entry><title type="html">HiRISE Highlights</title><link href="http://iskirk.net/planets/2017/01/06/hirise-highlights.html" rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="HiRISE Highlights" /><published>2017-01-06T00:00:00+10:00</published><updated>2017-01-06T00:00:00+10:00</updated><id>http://iskirk.net/planets/2017/01/06/hirise-highlights</id><content type="html" xml:base="http://iskirk.net/planets/2017/01/06/hirise-highlights.html"><![CDATA[<p>I was just thinking that I have to write an article on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and the fantastic images from the HiRISE camera onboard. So I checked out  the <a href="http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/">HiRISE website</a> only to be blown away by the images that are on offer.</p>

<p><img src="/images/hirise-victoria-crater.jpg" alt="Victoria Crater" />
<span class="caption text-muted">An Oblique View of Victoria Crater Image Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona</span></p>

<p>Firstly this older image of Victoria Crater. This is an oblique view of Victoria, the crater that MER rover Opportunity studied for over a year. Here, the image has been rotated so that we are looking east, with MRO pointed 22 degrees east of straight down, so it is comparable to a view from an airplane window. Some of the rover tracks are still visible to the north of the crater (left side of the image).</p>

<p>Now the rest of the images I’m about to share with you are from the latest image releases from HiRISE site this month.</p>

<p><img src="/images/hirise-steep-north-polar-peripheral-scarp.jpg" alt="Steep North Polar Peripheral Scarp" />
<span class="caption text-muted">“steep north polar peripheral scarp.” Image Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/hirise-nili-patera.jpg" alt="Nili Patera" />
<span class="caption text-muted">“Nili Patera” Image Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/hirise-scalloped-surface-in-utopia-region.jpg" alt="Scalloped Surface in Utopia Region" />
<span class="caption text-muted">“scalloped surface in Utopia region” Image Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/hirise-gullied-crater-wall.jpg" alt="Gullied Crater Wall" />
<span class="caption text-muted">“gullied crater wall” Image Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/hirise-active-dune-gullies-in-kaiser-crater.jpg" alt="Active Dune Gullies in Kaiser Crater" />
<span class="caption text-muted">“active dune gullies in Kaiser crater” Image Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona</span></p>

<p><img src="/images/hirise-dark-capped-plain-and-hills-in-western-arabia-region-intercrater-terrain.jpg" alt="Dark-capped Plain and Hills in Western Arabia Region Intercrater terrain" />
<span class="caption text-muted">“dark-capped plain and hills in western Arabia region intercrater terrain” Image Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona</span></p>]]></content><author><name>Kirk</name></author><category term="Planets" /><category term="planet" /><category term="mars" /><category term="hirise" /><category term="images" /><category term="mro" /><summary type="html"><![CDATA[A collection of the best images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.]]></summary></entry></feed>